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Hayyim Habshush
Rabbi Hayyim Habshush, alternate spelling, Hibshush (Hebrew: ר` חיים בן יויא חבשוש also Hayyim ibn Yahya Habshush) (c. 1833–1899) was a coppersmith by trade,〔The Fergusonian Impact. By Charles Albert Ferguson, Joshua A. Fishman. Published by Walter de Gruyter, 1986. p. 214.〕 and a noted nineteenth-century historiographer of Yemenite Jewry.〔The Jews of the British Crown Colony of Aden: History, Culture, and Ethnic Relations. By Reuben Ahroni. Published by BRILL, 1994. p. 47. 〕 He also served as a guide for the Jewish-French Orientalist and traveler Joseph Halévy. Some twenty three years later (in 1893), Hibshush began to write an account of Halévy’s journey, first in Hebrew, and then, at the request of Eduard Glaser, in his native language, the Judæo-Arabic dialect of Yemen.〔 Linguistic Observations on a Native Yemenite by Wolf Leslau. The Jewish Quarterly Review, New Series, Vol. 36, No. 3 (Jan., 1946), Published by: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 261.〕 Habshush's most important contribution to science is that he helped scholars Joseph Halévy and Eduard Glaser decipher the Sabaean inscriptions which they had come to copy in Yemen, having made transliterations of the texts in the Hebrew alphabet for easier comprehension.〔Shelomo Dov Goitein]], ''The Yemenites – History, Communal Organization, Spiritual Life (Selected Studies)'', editor: Menahem Ben-Sasson, Jerusalem 1983, p. 170. ISBN 965-235-011-7〕 As a prominent member of the Jewish community in Yemen, R' Habshush served as one of the principal leaders of the Dor Deah movement alongside Rabbi Yiḥyah Qafiḥ,〔The Road to Redemption: The Jews of the Yemen, 1900-1950. By Tudor Parfitt. Published by BRILL, 1996. p. 46.〕 and Sa'id 'Arusi.〔The Jews of Yemen in the Nineteenth Century: A Portrait of a Messianic Community. By Klorman, Bat-Zion Eraqi Klorman. Published by BRILL, 1993. p. 162〕
The Hibshush family is one of earliest known Jewish families to have settled in Yemen, as he mentions the family living in Yemen before the advent of Islam, and who, along with four other Jewish families (al-Bishārī, al-Futayḥī, al-‘Uzayrī and al-Marḥabī) served the illustrious Sasson Halevi who had recently moved to Yemen from Iraq (Babylonia).〔Hayim Hibshush, ''Masa'ot Hibshush'', Jerusalem 1983, p. 353〕 Sassoon Halevi is the progenitor of the renowned Alsheikh Halevi families, as well as the Yitzḥaq Halevi families, the former of whom rose to prominence after the Mawza Exile, and the latter of whom produced one of the last judges of the rabbinic court at Sana'a, Rabbi Yiḥya Yitzḥaq Halevi. The Hibshush family was originally called by the surname al-Futayḥī. In Yemen, however, Jews would address the family by the name of "Hibshush," while Muslims would say "Habshush."
In 1870, Hayyim Hibshush accompanied Joseph Halévy on an exploratory mission to the city of Saadah and in the regions thereabout. In the book ''Masa'ot Hibshush'' (Travels of Hibshush), he mentions the city of Tilmaṣ as being the old city of Saadah. He brings down an old Yemeni rhymed proverb: אדא אנת מן מלץ פאנא מן תלמץ = "If you are evasive (Ar. ''malaṣ''), then I am from Tilmaṣ" (i.e. Saadah〔Saada was called in Hibshush's time, "Wadi Tilmaṣ."〕). The importance of this revelation lies in the fact that scholars were heretofore uncertain about the place called "Tilmas" in Benjamin of Tudela's ''Itinerary'', mentioned alongside Tayma, and where two Jewish brothers were allegedly the princes and governors over those places in the 12th century. The one is in present-day Saudi-Arabia, while the other in Yemen.
== Man of justice ==
One of the special traits with which Rabbi Hayyim Hibshush was gifted was his deep sense of justice and his natural abhorrence of evil. In 1895, Ya'akov ben Hayyim Shar‘abi, the Jewish treasurer of the ''heqdesh'' (monies raised for the poor of Sana'a) was found murdered in his house, and the money which was placed in his charge was stolen. An investigation conducted by Hayyim Hibshush revealed the identity of the murderer, who was imprisoned.〔Yehuda Nini, ''The Jews of the Yemen 1800–1914'', Philadelphia 1991, p. 84. ISBN 3-7186-5041-X 〕 Once, when a Jewish newcomer to Sana'a by the name of Yosef Abdallah ("the servant of God") declared himself to be the herald of the coming Messiah, and who made his living by selling amulets and poultices and who lured the simple and naïve and unsuspecting persons by his words of deliverance and by his prophylactic talismans, and having aroused the suspicions of the leaders of the community who suspected him of being an impostor and one who harbored impure motives, besides being suspected of revelry and of lechery with women and of possibly causing harm to the community by their dissimulation (owing to such promises) and by a perceived threat to the government, Rabbi Hibshush closely watched the man, and on one occasion he had his house placed on surveillance. When the evidence became clear as to his impure motives, at the insistence of Rabbi Hibshush who persuaded the magistrates of the city, the man was cordially asked to leave the city by order of the governor (Ar. ''wāli'') of the city.〔Amram Qorah, ''Sa'arat Teiman'', Jerusalem 1988, pp. 53–55 (Hebrew).〕
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